Monitoring Country
Feral Donkeys
- Other common names: ass
- Scientific name: Equus asinus
Donkeys are large, herbivorous, hoofed mammals. In Australia, feral donkeys are not true wild donkeys – they are once-domesticated animals (and their offspring) that have escaped captivity.
Feral Donkeys are a threat to healthy Country and native species
Feral donkeys are considered pests because they:
- Spread weeds via their hair and dung
- Increase soil erosion via trampling vegetation and creating tracks
- Degrade/foul waterways and waterholes by increasing sedimentation
- Compete for resources (food, shelter) with native animals
- Damage native vegetation by overgrazing
As invasive herbivores, feral donkeys are noted in the key threatening process ‘Novel biota and their impact on biodiversity’ listed under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, and feral donkeys are declared pests of agriculture in WA under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007.
Managing Feral Donkeys
Feral donkeys are difficult to manage as they are large animals that are widespread (often in remote areas). Best methods for managing feral donkeys are shooting (ground or aerial), fencing, controlling fertility, and immobilisation/capture and removal.
Where Feral Donkeys live
Occurrence Records
Use the + - Zoom controls to select an area
Where they live
Donkeys were first introduced to Australia in 1866 and have been feral in some areas since the 1920s. They are most abundant in arid central Australia, the savannas of the Top End, and in the Kimberley.
Habitat
Feral donkeys prefer (and are adapted to) arid country, particularly hills and ranges, but also like savanna and grassland country.
What Feral Donkeys look like
Feral donkeys look much the same as domesticated donkeys; a range of colours and patterns, which can be regional. They often look dirtier and less groomed than captive donkeys.
Feral donkeys (Equus asinus). Credit: Euan Moore, CC-BY-NC-4.0 (Int).
What Feral Donkeys eat
Feral donkeys prefer to eat grasses and herbs.
Better understand:
REMEMBER! Any time you do work that might disturb or interfere with native animals and vegetation, particularly threatened species, you need to check with the state authorities to see if you need any approvals, such as scientific licences or animal ethics committee permits.
You can monitor Feral Donkeys to better understand:
- Where they do and don’t live
- How many live on Country
- How well management of Country and Feral Donkeys is working
By using one or more the following methods, you can better understand Feral Donkeys on your Country. If you monitor the same place at the same time every year, you can see if there are changes to Feral Donkeys on Country.
Camera Traps
Camera traps can be used to monitor Feral Donkeys and other species that live in the same area(s). They can be set to automatically take photos or videos when an animal passes the camera. You can make your monitoring more efficient and cost effective by monitoring multiple species (including native and introduced species) with the same method.
What can you learn?
Where Feral Donkeys live:
- Occupancy - the proportion of sites occupied by a species.
- Changes over time – are species being detected at the same sites every year, or are they disappearing from some and/or appearing at other sites?
- Habitat preferences – does the species only occur in particular habitats?
Detection frequency – how often are they being detected in an area?
Behaviour – what they are doing in the photos?
Activity – You can know when they are active, and when they pass through areas.
You can collect data from seeing Feral Donkeys – from an image, you might be able to identify their age, sex, group size, health (skinny or fat) etc.
Using it the Right-way
- Use this method in areas suitable for camera trapping i.e. open enough to take photos or along trails, good access.
- Avoid putting cameras in areas prone to flooding or become seasonally inaccessible, or make sure you bring in cameras before it becomes inaccessible.
- Feral Donkeys are generally diurnal
- If there is an obvious path or area that Feral Donkeys use, you can set up cameras to face this path. Angle the camera down the path, so that you increase the amount of time the camera has to take pictures as Feral Donkeys pass by.
- Feral Donkeys have a large body, so should easily trigger the camera sensors. If they are close to the camera, or the camera is low to the ground, you might only see the legs
- Place cameras 1 km apart. Feral Donkeys have large home ranges, so you want to cover as much area as possible/reasonable
You can learn more about camera traps on the “How we check on things” page and in the Environmental Monitoring Method Landscape Scale Camera Trap Monitoring.
Aerial Surveys
Any time you do work that might disturb or interfere with native animals and vegetation, check with the state authorities to see if you need any approvals.
VIEW PERMIT INFOPrimary sources
This landing page was developed using the following sources:
Primary sources
This landing page was developing using the following sources:
- Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2011). Feral horse (Equus caballus) and feral donkey (Equus asinus): Invasive species fact sheet (Archived). Australian Government. https://web.archive.org/web/20110603013209/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/feral-horse.pdf
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (2020). Code of Practice and Standard Operating Procedures for the Effective and Humane Management of Feral Donkeys. NSW Department of Primary Industries, www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1394655/Code-of-Practice-and-Standard-Operating-Procedures-for-the-Effective-and-Humane-Management-of-Feral-Donkeys.pdf
- NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (2020). Feral donkey factsheet. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. https://www.dpird.wa.gov.au/siteassets/documents/biosecurity/animal/feral-donkey-factsheet.pdf
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub (2021). Arid Zone Monitoring Species Profile: Donkey and horse, Project 3.2.5 findings factsheet. azm_species-profile_donkey-and-horse_v3.pdf
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. (2011). Advice on listing novel biota under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/env/pages/008e4e04-642a-45b5-8313-53514b0e1b52/files/novel-biota-listing-advice.pdf
- Auditor-General for Western Australia. (2020). Report 4: Managing the impact of plant and animal pests — Follow-up (Report 4). https://audit.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Report-4_-Managing-the-Impact-of-Plant-and-Animal-Pests-Followup.pdf
Tools and resources
- PestSmart Feral Donkey Planning and Management Toolkit Feral donkeys - PestSmart
- Record Feral Donkey sightings and activity on the FeralScan app: https://feralscan.org.au/otherpests/default.aspx
Tools and resources
No additional tools or resources found.